Linux Befehl ls

Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).

Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

 

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .

  -A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..

      --author               with -l, print the author of each file

  -b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

      --block-size=SIZE      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;

                               e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below

  -B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~

  -c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last

                               modification of file status information);

                               with -l: show ctime and sort by name;

                               otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

  -C                         list entries by columns

      --color[=WHEN]         colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default

                               if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

  -d, --directory            list directories themselves, not their contents

  -D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

  -f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

  -F, --classify             append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

      --file-type            likewise, except do not append '*'

      --format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,

                               single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

      --full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso

  -g                         like -l, but do not list owner

      --group-directories-first

                             group directories before files;

                               can be augmented with a --sort option, but any

                               use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

  -G, --no-group             in a long listing, don't print group names

  -h, --human-readable       with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.

      --si                   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

  -H, --dereference-command-line

                             follow symbolic links listed on the command line

      --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

                             follow each command line symbolic link

                               that points to a directory

      --hide=PATTERN         do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

                               (overridden by -a or -A)

      --hyperlink[=WHEN]     hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'

                               (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'

      --indicator-style=WORD  append indicator with style WORD to entry names:

                               none (default), slash (-p),

                               file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

  -i, --inode                print the index number of each file

  -I, --ignore=PATTERN       do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

  -k, --kibibytes            default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;

                               used only with -s and per directory totals

  -l                         use a long listing format

  -L, --dereference          when showing file information for a symbolic

                               link, show information for the file the link

                               references rather than for the link itself

  -m                         fill width with a comma separated list of entries

  -n, --numeric-uid-gid      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

  -N, --literal              print entry names without quoting

  -o                         like -l, but do not list group information

  -p, --indicator-style=slash

                             append / indicator to directories

  -q, --hide-control-chars   print ? instead of nongraphic characters

      --show-control-chars   show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,

                               unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

  -Q, --quote-name           enclose entry names in double quotes

      --quoting-style=WORD   use quoting style WORD for entry names:

                               literal, locale, shell, shell-always,

                               shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape

                               (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

  -r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting

  -R, --recursive            list subdirectories recursively

  -s, --size                 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

  -S                         sort by file size, largest first

      --sort=WORD            sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),

                               time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)

      --time=WORD            change the default of using modification times;

                               access time (-u): atime, access, use;

                               change time (-c): ctime, status;

                               birth time: birth, creation;

                             with -l, WORD determines which time to show;

                             with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)

      --time-style=TIME_STYLE  time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

  -t                         sort by time, newest first; see --time

  -T, --tabsize=COLS         assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

  -u                         with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;

                               with -l: show access time and sort by name;

                               otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

  -U                         do not sort; list entries in directory order

  -v                         natural sort of (version) numbers within text

  -w, --width=COLS           set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit

  -x                         list entries by lines instead of by columns

  -X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension

  -Z, --context              print any security context of each file

  -1                         list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b

      --help     display this help and exit

      --version  output version information and exit

 

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).

Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

 

The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.

FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).  If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,

then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.

TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.

Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.

 

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and

with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when

standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment

variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.

 

Exit status:

0  if OK,

1  if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

2  if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).